Language Slang Free Essays

Language is one of those circles of human movement that are the first to carry response to social and different sorts of changes in human life and exercises. Language may even follow or go with these progressions as well as aim them. Each social or political change, insurgency, advancement, presentation of new words and terms is reflected in paper distributions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Language Slang or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now An incredible number of individuals, over 70%, read papers everyday[1 5]. Andto keep such an enormous number of individuals perusing, the paper must be anything but difficult to peruse and comprehend. Utilizing a sort of discourse that individuals se ordinary is a simple method to achieve that. Utilizing informal discourse ought to likewise be utilized relying upon the crowd that is perusing a paper article[1 1,125-126]. Everyday discourse ought to likewise be utilized if an article is composed for kids or adolescents. A young person would better identify with â€Å"Hey, what’s up? † than â€Å"Greetings. How are you this fine September evening? † Because they can identify with it, they are bound to comprehend the content and continue perusing. Not just young people and youngsters utilize this kind of language. Numerous grown-ups still use words like â€Å"radar† and â€Å"e-mail†; both of them are formal English[1 5]. That is the reason the subject of this research paper is of an incredible significance. The significance of the research paper iscaused bypermanent improvement of language. While doing our exploration we will consider crafted by such researchers as Arnold I. V. , Galperin I. R. , Rayevska N. M, Kukharenko V. A. , Antrushyna H. B. furthermore, different researchers, who have just made an incredible commitment to examining informal jargon and paper style. The undertaking of this research paper is to introduce the utilization of conversational words in British and American papers. The point of the research paper is to examine the casual jargon in English papers. To accomplish the previously mentioned reason the accompanying goals are built up: to consider the hypothetical material which is identified with the subject of the research project; - to break down the papers of Great Britain and USA with the point of choosing extraordinary casual words; - to characterize the predominant piece of everyday jargon winning among the papers. The object of the research paper is lexical units speaking to casual English jargon. The subject of the research paper is the investigation of the eculiarities of everyday jargon of English papers. The material for the investigation is taken from various paper articles in the accompanying British and American papers: The Gurdian, The New York Times, The Daily mirror, The Sun. In this research project thefollowing techniques for look into have been utilized: - the strategy for investigation and amalgamation; - expressive strategy. The technique for examination is utilized to break an intricate subject into littler parts to increase a superior comprehension of it. The strategy for amalgamation is utilized to consolidate separate components of research so as to frame a cognizant entirety. Enlightening technique is utilized o present the image of a wonders under examination. The most effective method to refer to Language Slang, Essays

A Introduction to Sociology Statistics

An Introduction to Sociology Statistics Sociological research can have three particular objectives: depiction, clarification, and expectation. The portrayal is constantly a significant piece of the exploration, however most sociologists endeavor to clarify and foresee what they watch. The three research strategies most ordinarily utilized by sociologists are observational procedures, reviews, and examinations. For each situation, estimation is included that yields a lot of numbers, which are the discoveries, or information, delivered by the exploration study. Sociologists and different researchers sum up information, discover connections between sets of information, and decide if trial controls have influenced some factor of intrigue. The word insights has two implications: The field that applies scientific strategies to the arranging, summing up, and deciphering of information. The real scientific procedures themselves. Information on measurements has numerous down to earth benefits. Indeed, even a simple information on measurements will improve you ready to assess factual cases made by columnists, climate forecasters, TV publicists, political applicants, government authorities, and different people who may utilize insights in the data or contentions they present. Portrayal of Data Information are frequently spoken to in recurrence conveyances, which show the recurrence of each score in a lot of scores. Sociologists additionally use charts to speak to information. These incorporate pie diagrams, recurrence histograms, and line charts. Line charts are significant in speaking to the consequences of examinations since they are utilized to delineate the connection among free and ward factors. Elucidating Statistics Elucidating insights sum up and arrange look into information. Proportions of focal inclination speak to the run of the mill score in a lot of scores. The mode is the most every now and again happening score, the middle is the center score, and the mean is the number-crunching normal of the arrangement of scores. Proportions of fluctuation speak to the level of scattering of scores. The range is the distinction between the most noteworthy and least scores. The change is the normal of the squared deviations from the mean of the arrangement of scores, and the standard deviation is the square foundation of the difference. Numerous sorts of estimations fall on an ordinary, or ringer formed, bend. A specific level of scores fall beneath each point on the abscissa of the ordinary bend. Percentiles distinguish the level of scores that fall beneath a specific score. Correlational Statistics Correlational insights survey the connection between at least two arrangements of scores. A connection might be certain or negative and fluctuate from 0.00 to give or take 1.00. The presence of a connection doesn't really imply that one of the corresponded factors causes changes in the other. Nor does the presence of a relationship block that chance. Relationships are regularly diagramed on disperse plots. Maybe the most well-known correlational method is Pearsons item second relationship. You square the Pearsons item second relationship to get the coefficient of assurance, which will show the measure of difference in one variable represented by another variable. Inferential Statistics Inferential insights grant social analysts to decide if their discoveries can be summed up from their examples to the populaces they speak to. Consider a basic examination where a trial bunch that is presented to a condition is contrasted and a benchmark group that isn't. For the contrast between the methods for the two gatherings to be measurably critical, the distinction must have a low likelihood (typically under 5 percent) of happening by ordinary irregular variety. Sources: McGraw Hill. (2001). Measurements Primer for Sociology. mhhe.com/socscience/human science/insights/stat_intro.htm

How to Impress Your Professor

How to Impress Your Professor How to Impress Your Professor Home›Education Posts›How to Impress Your Professor Education PostsEssay writing assignments are among the most popular tasks that majority of professors give to their students. A well-structured writing is the key element that helps to produce a memorable essay. Many online resources help students to write and edit their papers, and you may follow this link qualitycustomessays.com to find out more about them.Let us find out how to write a perfect essay:Prior Research 50% of the time of devoted to essay assignment should be spent on reading. One should conduct a throughout research on the topic before starting writing. Make sure that you explore various kinds of sources including school library, web sites, newspapers and magazines. You have to become a real professional in the given topic in order to be able to analyze and think critically about the topic. Only essays that include critical viewpoints are worthy.Analyzing and brainstormingThis stage i ncludes less reading and more thinking. At first, your brain should “digest” all the information that you have found. Afterwards, you start thinking more subjectively and figure out what you think about the topic. Create several interesting ideas of yours or support already known opinions with your own arguments.Thesis and OutlineOnce you possess all the needed information, you can start building up the structure of your memorable essay. First, you need a good thesis statement. A thesis statement is the so-called “heart” of the essay since it contains the main idea that should be clear. An outline, on the other hand, is the “skeleton” of the essay that will help you to keep the structure of the paper and not to forget any single point. Just write it down on a separate piece of paper and follow all the points.Introduction, Body Paragraphs and ConclusionIntroduction (which contains thesis statement) is the most important part of your essay, merely because it determines rea der’s interest in your essay. A catchy introduction will make readers continue reading, while the dull and boring intro will push the audience away.Body should be divided into several paragraphs. Each paragraph includes one argument or idea. Make sure that you present your arguments and ideas in a coherent and logical way and do not overwhelm the reader with too much information in one paragraph.Conclusion determines the impression your audience gets from the essay, so it should be memorable as well. You can include some call to action or ask the reader what is his/her position regarding the discussed topic.

Approaches to Reading Instructions

Approaches to Reading Instructions Teaching children can be a challenging task for some educators. Many of them have raised this concern. Then again, there are some approaches that can be used in order to help educators when it comes to reading instructions. This study will present the characteristics of whole language, whole word, and phonics in relation to such instructions. According to the National Institute of Health (n.d.), there are multiple ways that educators can teach reading and thus, learners have various options to learn. One of the approaches is the whole language technique. This method teaches children to recognize different words as a whole piece of language (Maddox Feng, 2013). On the other hand, the phonics approach, otherwise known as synthetic phonics in the UK, is a technique teaches the learners to read throughthe blending of sounds in order to form a word. There are differences in a way how teachers teach their students based on the approach that is used. The whole language is more of familiarization of how the word is written, while the phonics is particular with how such words should be pronounced. Another difference is that the whole word or whole language approach uses the learners’ visual skill, while the phonics approach uses the learners’ ability to pronounce the letters’ sounds based on their arrangement . Between these approaches, I can say that the phonics is the most effective because it does not only help the children identify the letters’ arrangement in every word, but it also helps them pronounce the words correctly. In the long run, learners will be able to achieve the learning outcomes of whole word and whole language approaches and at the same time, they will be able improve their pronunciation accordingly.

Improving the Value Chain With Corporate Social...

The realm of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is to increase business profitability and opportunities by making improvements in terms of operational effectiveness throughout the value chain (Rangan, Chase Karim, 2012). This increasingly popular CSR among corporate and academic leaders is synonymous to the â€Å"shared value† framework, whereby organizations seek to co-create economic and social value. According to Ridurnolu, Prhalad and Rangaswami (2009), corporations from the United States recognize the business value of revolutionizing new manufacturing and technology that cut operating costs while minimizing impacts on the environment. This CSR domain focuses on operational efficiency and also building revenue, with the initiative to be determined by the ability to improve the corporate bottom line while at the same time returning social value. To achieve that, the strategy is to reengineer a corporation’s entire value chain, which stems from natural resource e xtraction and sourcing to manufacturing, shipping and product delivering. An example would be Nike’s establishment of their Code of Conduct which oversees its entire production supply chain. Nike’s code consists of requirements that their employees be given basic rights such as fair compensations, safe and healthy work environment and ethical treatment in the workplace (Nike, Inc, 2010). According to Angeles (2014), the company also launched an environment management information system that reduces the negativeShow MoreRelatedUnilever s Strategy For Sustainable Growth912 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial issue. Unilever has been accused of profiting off of those less fortunate in an effort to improve the bottom line. Can Unilever’s approach to environmental improvements be seen as a strategic plan for increased sales, corporate social responsibility or both? Acceptable for a for-profit company to profit from proverty? This question can be changed into a powerful statement. Unilever doesn’t view its Sustainable Living Plan as profiting off of poverty, but rather to improve the qualityRead MorePersonal Motives For Corporate Social Responsibility933 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Corporate Social Responsibility (Graafland, J. Mazereeuw-Van der Duijn Schouten, C. 2012) analyze the motivations of directors to take responsibility for the labor, environmental and social aspects in business. It distinguishes the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by conducting a survey consisting of a sample of 473 executives. What is more, the motives are classified as three types: â€Å"financial motives†, which is external, â€Å"ethical and altruistic† which are internal. the corporate socialRead More Case Analysis Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world. During the transformation to a global corporate enterprise, IBM maintained its core values and principles. As a leader in the industries in which it serves, IBM entered its second century in business dedicated to its culture of fairness and corporate citizenship. IBM utilizes a consistent approach to technology and innovation, and has a positive impact on the communities in which it operates. IBM is passionate about social responsibility, interested in making a positive change in societyRead MoreThe Ethics And Code Of Workplace Practices1683 Words   |  7 PagesIn the business world ,fiscal command frequently triumph over the values, the values of social responsibility and ethical behavior as corporations endeavor to relieve costs and reduce contingencies in future ,nowhere is that drive for certainty and cost reduction is more enthralling then in the corporate supply chain, the global market place demands that supply chains be fleet-footed and scatter ,an efficient supply chain is responsible for changing the organization priorities by keeping theRead MoreStarbucks Ethical Behavior1546 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviour of star bucks Over the last two decades social corporate responsibility has become an increasingly important factor in the business world. Corporate Social Responsibility is concerned with treating the stakeholders of a company or institution ethically or in a responsible manner. â€Å"Ethically or responsible means treating key stakeholders in a manner deemed acceptable according to international norms â€Å" Hopkins (2011).By social corporate responsibility we mean that businesses and organization thatRead MoreSustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility at IKEA928 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced by the demands of customers and stakeholders. The business approach and corporate philosophy of an organization is easily altered due to economic pressures, technological improvement and stakeholder needs and demands. Going green or being eco-friendly is one such demand. IKEA is among the top sustainability leaders in the Scandinavian region. The company is able to confidently respond to questi ons of responsibility raised by consumers, employees, and investors regarding eco-friendly productsRead MoreCase Study Of Levi Strauss825 Words   |  4 Pageswomen, children, and men. There are high performing organizations like Levi Strauss that strive to ascertain processes, functions or offerings that are important to their business such as improving human resource management, knowledge management and investing in human capital and corporate social responsibility to evaluate their efficiency and effectiveness in contrast to leading competitors and innovators. To promote continuous improvements Levi Strauss drives profitable business results by leveragingRead MoreThe 21St Century Has Led To Businesses Having More Corporate1471 Words   |  6 Pageshaving more Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) than before. CSR will help businesses to add value to their company. A business should know the importance of the value chain along with using CSR and not just look at profits. Custo mers like to do business with companies that are responsible inside and outside of an organization. When business fail with using CSR they will lose customers because customers like to do business with responsible businesses that show corporate social responsibility. Read MoreA Business s Only Responsibility1013 Words   |  5 PagesA business’s only responsibility is to produce profit. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Businesses should take social responsibility in addition to producing profits. Corporate social responsibility refers to a business practices that involves participating and make benefits to society. CSR is a way of companies benefiting themselves so; business should also take social responsibility instead of only taking profit. This is because taking on social responsibility benefits both theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility at Carrefour1122 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Carrefour Introduction: In an era of globalization, international trade deregulation and continual push-and-pull between industry and environment, it can be extremely difficult for a multinational corporation to maintain a competitive business model in balance with a meaningful sense of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This is especially true for the largest retail companies in the world, which typically depend on the retention of extremely low

Why were Witches women Free Essays

For over three centuries, early modern Europe was largely dominated by witchcraft persecutions, the scale of which such atrocities had never been witnessed before. These persecutions arose from various significant instabilities of the times. Tens of thousands of executions were carried out, especially within Central Europe and the vast majority of deaths were attributed to women. We will write a custom essay sample on Why were Witches women? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is what was most remarkable about this period; the fact that so many women were recognised as practitioners of witchcraft. I shall be closely following the reasons for such large-scale prosecutions within the early modern period. In particular, I shall be looking at the different sub-categories concerning reasons for such a rise in the nature of witch prosecutions. These categories will be broken up as follows; the Church’s view on maleficia, whom the witches were, the effect society had on the arrival of witchcraft, literature’s perspective, natural thought and freethinking, and the confessions of witches. The Church was integral to the whole belief system within modern day Europe and was the main, driving component for social, economic and religious conformity. However, the Catholic Church as a unit had been threatened through ‘The Reformation’ and theological perceptions and ideas were changing. People’s interpretations and prior beliefs were now being challenged, criticised and there was now total religious uncertainty and unbalance within society. ‘This consequently led to the powerful ‘Counter Reformation’ in which the Catholic Church began an attempt to not only counter the Protestant Reformation, but also to eliminate corruption, educate clergy and inspire faith in the common people’- (B. P. Levack, 1995). The combination of these two ecclesiastical revolutions induced the inevitable religious disorder, which in turn would spur the rise and development of more numerous and more extreme witch-hunts. In addition, these two reformed religions placed a renewed importance upon individual morals. ‘This issued many with the desire to place the burden of sins upon someone else, and in effect to acquire a scapegoat’- (B. P. Levack, 1995). Throughout history, such scapegoats have generally been the rejects of society, the loners, the sick, and the poor. This age was no different and in their search for a victim, someone to hold responsible, they found the witches. This period of great religious, social and economic transformation combined with the prevalence of epidemics and natural disasters now had a target on whom to lay all the blame upon; a physical embodiment of the evil that had been endured. Furthermore, as well as Martin Luther and Jean Calvin highlighting and condoning the burning of witches as ‘whores of Satan’, the Church as a whole was responsible for accepting witchcraft as part of society, essentially forming the moral backing needed for such large-scale atrocities. So then, in 1485 the Catholic inquisition authorities published ‘Malleus Maleficarum’. This was essentially a book, confirming women as those responsible for witchcraft, as those capable of evil and temptation. ‘Women are by nature instruments of Satan†¦ they are by nature carnal, a structural defect rooted in the original creation’ The bible also condemned witchcraft, or so people thought. Within Exodus 22:18 it orders, â€Å"Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live†. It is then this mixture of Church and theological backing that gave the people of Europe the authority to act upon the ‘witches’ within society, and to destroy anyone suspected of witchcraft. ‘It is interesting to note then that this period of witch-hunting was most intense within Germany, Switzerland, Poland, and Scotland, where the countries were religiously heterogeneous’- (G. Geis, 1997), comprising a mix of numerous Protestant and Catholic believers. Moreover, the witch-hunts themselves have long been seen as part of a ‘war against women’, conducted overwhelmingly by men and particularly, by those in authority. Infact, Deborah Willis notes that â€Å"more polemical† feminist accounts â€Å"are likely to portray the witch as a heroic protofeminist resisting patriarchal oppression and a wholly innocent victim of a male-authored reign of terror designed to keep women in their place. † – (D. Willis, 1995, in web page). Holistically speaking, the Church’s contribution to witchcraft fears and prosecutions led to the general belief within society that demons actively interfered upon the Earth and that witches were hugely prevalent concerning the interactions with and/or the dealings with such forces upon the Earth. In general, there was a greatly intensified and invigorated belief in the supernatural. For those who did not believe in such ideas, it still remained a plausible and effective tool for shifting the blame onto the women within society. It is now important to fully recognise whom these witches were and to discern the types of women victimised for such ‘crimes against humanity’. In general, it was the women from the lower sections of society who were seen as those who had the opportunity to commit harmful acts. Those who were widows and so were therefore able to conceal things and to hide within the cloak of darkness; to practice their magic and to meet with their familiars and even with the Devil himself, were often susceptible to prosecutions. In addition, these women were seen as ‘vessels of nature’ and much closer to the environment and conditions of nature than men, and so more able to dominate the elements. The number of unmarried women was also increasing and this was another cause for fear within society. These women were considered a burden on society. The other group vulnerable to witchcraft accusations were midwives. One of the ostensible practices of witches was the execution and cannibalism of infants, especially those who had not yet been baptised into the Christian faith. Therefore, it is of no surprise that this particular group was especially focused upon in terms of prosecutions. It was essentially a way for grieving families to be able to lay blame upon the midwife for the death of their child, particularly within times of increasing infant mortality and occasional infanticide. The general view however was that witches were often cited as those ‘outsiders of society’, reliant upon community relief and benefits, draining the land of it’s wealth. Additionally, women were often cited with sorcery because of their traditional roles as cooks, nurses, midwives and keepers of the home. Witches were often associated as those who were in league with the Devil and as those who would meet at ‘Sabbats’ to create spells, curses, practice killings and take part in lewd sexual acts with one another and with Satan himself. Single women were particularly focused upon for prosecutions concerning sexual abominations, as they were seen as more easily seductable and by far more sexual by nature. Indeed, the fact that the Devil was depicted as being the very form of a man highly extenuated the belief that women did take part in such acts. Society also saw women as being weaker in every sense of the word. They did not have the political power or physical capabilities to defend themselves. Therefore, they were thought to use magic to defend themselves and additionally make pacts with the Devil to achieve various things against their enemies. However, ‘the great witch hunts of the medieval period were long depicted as a ‘war against women’, conducted mainly by men, especially those in central authority’ (Willis, Malevolent Nurture, p. 12). The reason for this was ostensibly that men wanted to keep women in their rightful place within society, largely pacified and subdued. This came with the great fear of feminist accounts, which started to take place within this period. The subject of women projected as witches was widely held in belief within local communities and often formed the deciding factor in disputes within local communities. So if a particular person has had a bad harvest, or their child has dies in the night, the climate of Early Modern Europe was conducive to such accusations and provided the ammunition with which to prosecute. The times of the period were one of extreme economic turbulence and poverty. Across Western Europe in particular, the gulf between the rich and poor was consistently growing and there was a general decline also in the living standards of much of Europe. These conditions may however have persuaded people to contemplate using magic to help themselves and to achieve monetary or land gains, but on the other hand, it also maintained that accusations would be at a new high. Below is a table showing the relevance of monetary/land/food disputes within local communities and the effect being a widow within society would have concerning such disputes and jealousies in Essex, 1564-89: Kinship Relationships Husband and Wife * 4 Unspecified Quarrels (2) Sexual Jealousy (1) Broken Marriage Contract (1) Stepfather and Stepchild 1 Over Inheritance Grandmother and Grandchild 1 Obligation to collect wood Total 6 Neighbourly Relationships * (Object of dispute) * Food/Drink * 12 Animals 4 Money * 8 Implements 4 Unspecified loans 3 Boundaries/Land * 4 Children 3 Total 48 The difference shown in number between kinship quarrels and disputes within the community is substantial. It demonstrates the heightened debates and tension with local communities and supports the view that widows were particularly attacked within these times as defenceless, unimportant people of the community. Another crucial part of women being persecuted as witches, developed through another mind controlling and prevalent technique within this time period. This was the use of literature, so covering everything from the bible and Church readings to pamphlets and novels written within the time. It is not surprising that the ‘Malleus maleficarum’ had such an influential effect upon the rise of women as victims of mass witch prosecutions. Shakespeare also wrote within this time period and included a wide range of texts, often shadowing events and topics within Europe at the time. One of the key texts he wrote was that of ‘Macbeth’, where Macbeth and his wife gradually murder various people in line to the succession of Kingship for their own gratuitous ends. The central factor towards their warped ideals and evil dealings was that of the witches within the moors. These of course were depicted purely as women, with similar characteristics to those generally seen as witches within this same period. The very fact that Lady Macbeth had to effectively become a man and get rid of her female characteristics in order to succeed, parallels the social view of women within this time and further extenuates the likelihood of women as victims. Indeed, it is the prophecies of the witches that initiate the murder, corruption, greed and lies that manifest with Macbeth. The famous line of ‘is that a dagger I see before me’ spoken by that of Macbeth represents the conjuring of illusionary magic, produced by the witches of the time. Furthermore, the witches and his wife are inextricably linked together, in that they both influence Macbeth, and so the social view of women being manipulative, a natural temptation (as referred to in the Malleus maleficarum), a necessary evil etc is evidently shown within the literature of the time. The Catholic Church concentrated specifically upon the natural sin and evil within the individual and as mentioned previously, people saw the ‘witches’ as scapegoats, a group to blame for their sinful nature. The bible in particular was another greatly recognised and taught book within society and the very story of creation within Genesis demonstrates the sinful, easily tempted and generally weak nature of women. Also, within Revelation (the concluding chapter of the Bible), the sinful woman of ‘Babylon†¦ he Great Prostitute’, was also another indication of the weakness of women and showed this to be the case from the very beginning of creation to the very end. In general, the people of Europe saw the massacre of the ‘witches’ as a religious war of enacting justice on those directly against the will of God. One notion spread throughout literature was that of witches contacting and serving Diana, the ‘Goddess of the Moon’. Women were hence seen as the most likely persons to communicate with ‘Diana’ as a league of women joined together. Some confessed to actually riding with Diana and taking part in various activities, however they were later recognised to be delusional. Overall, the introduction of the printing press and the generally increasing availability of literature to the masses, allowed for more rapid transfers of elite beliefs in witchcraft and especially women as active participants. The trials of women within this period serve to reinforce and validate the beliefs transmitted through popular literature. One of the most confusing and baffling aspects of the ‘women as witches’ theme is that many actually confessed to charges against them. This of course did not help the assumption that ‘women were witches’ and served to just heighten the prosecutions and fuel the killings. Many ‘witches’ claimed that their experiences had been worthwhile and showed virtually no remorse whatsoever for their supposed actions. This was the case all over Europe and not just England, even though the killings were much more prevalent and torture much more extreme on the continent than in England. However, P. Levack described this fact as less surprising when various other considerations were taken into account. Such as the ‘women often being brought up to believe that they were indeed instruments of Satan and that they were the only imperfection within God’s creation’ (P. B. Levack, 1995). This however was simply society’s effort to instil such beliefs so as to relieve the worry of female independence and to of course resume the scapegoat it had found within the period in question. It is particularly interesting to note that many women actually testified against others within the community. They made up 43 % of witnesses against other women. Briggs’ notices that ‘women were active in building up reputations through gossip, deploying counter-magic and accusing suspects’ (Briggs, 1995). Women were completely surrounded by each sector of society and it was virtually impossible for them to escape punishment of some sort if they had first been accused of witchcraft. Ecclesiastically, the whole Church acknowledged the position of women as witches within society; and this simply gave the general public the opportunity to lay the blame for all the famine, disease, deaths and religious intolerance within previous years. The elite simply kept maintaining this strongly held belief in witchcraft and furthermore sustained the prosecutions and provided the literature and ethics with which to support these beliefs. What is key to this topic is that most prosecution cases actually refer directly to traditionally female aspects, such as the home, the kitchen, and the nursery; and on ‘culturally defined female tasks or occupations such as feeding (poisoning), child-rearing (infanticide), healing (harming), birth (death)’ (Christina Hole, date unknown). Furthermore, women within society were very much pacified throughout this time and this meant that they were easy targets for attack. These poor victims of attack simply existed within a delicate age of uncertainty, confusion and anger. Society believed in the existence of witchcraft and in the exponents of maleficia, the women of the times. On a more local scale too, communities widely looked to the accusation of witchcraft as a means to a specific end, whether it concerned land disputes or money disputes etc. These were very testing times, times of extreme economic struggles and religious disputes. In conclusion, it is interesting to note that as standards of living vastly improved and religious irregularities disappeared, prosecutions decreased dramatically and people suddenly began to notice that most prosecutions were actually highly nonsensical and irrational. Society gradually came to accept that it had indeed made many mistakes. How to cite Why were Witches women?, Papers

Starving the HungaryThough most Americans are awar Essay Example For Students

Starving the HungaryThough most Americans are awar Essay e of the Great Depression of 1929, which may well be the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system, few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920s, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldnt afford manufactured goods. We will write a custom essay on Starving the HungaryThough most Americans are awar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While the factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans werent able to afford them and the factories made no money (Drewry and Oconnor 559). Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers werent doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldnt allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldnt produce goods quick enough (Drewry and Oconnor 559). A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didnt have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldnt afford to make the monthly payment(Drewry and Oconnor 559). In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many Americans purchased stocks because they were certain of the economy. People started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold! Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value. Banks lost money from the stock market and from Americans who couldnt pay back loans. Many factories lost money and went out of business because of this great tragedy (Drewry and Oconnor 352). By the 1930s, thirteen million workers lost their jobs which is 25 percent of all workers. The blacks and unskilled workers were always the first to be fired. Farmers had no money and werent capable of paying their mortgages. Americans traveled throughout the country looking for a place to work to support themselves and their family (Drewry and Oconnor 560-561). John Steinbeck, born in 1902, grew up during the Depression near the fertile Salinas Valley and wrote many books of fiction based on his background and experiences during that time and area of the country. One of his great works would be the Grapes of Wrath. In this book, Steinbeck describes the farmers plight during the Great Depression and drought. When the rains failed to come, the grass began to disappear. As the farmers watched their plants turn brown and the dirt slowly turn to dust they began to fear what was to come. In the water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. As the sharp su! n struck day after day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff and erect. Then it was June and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on the corn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edged back toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every day the earth paled. (4). The farmers worst fears were realized when their corn and other crops began to die. The dust became so bad they had to cover their mouths with handkerchiefs so they could breath (5). .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f , .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .postImageUrl , .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f , .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f:hover , .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f:visited , .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f:active { border:0!important; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f:active , .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5be42a177d0caa772f5ddd879d967a4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eaters Of The Dead Essay When the drought hit the Great Plains and the soil turned to dust, many farmers moved to California because they could no longer farm their land(Drewry and Oconnor 561). The drought began to affect other parts of the country. In 1930, Missouris belt of fertile land dried up. Ponds, streams, and springs all dried up and the great Mississippi River water level sank lower than ever recorded. Small farmers every-where began to feel the drought. Their smal! l gardens were ruined and their corn crop was cut almost down to nothing. The hay and grass needed to feed their livestock was no longer available. They now faced a major problem -how to feed their livestock. The silos were rapidly emptying and the barns in many cases were empty. The farmers were terrified that the government feed loans wouldnt be available to keep the livestock from dying. In many cases, the Red Cross was making allowances for feed to keep alive livestock (Meltzer 121). The small farmers of fruit trees and vegetable plants depended on others who ran canneries to bottle and can their produce. The people they depended upon were the same people that hired scientists to experiment on the fruits and vegetables to come up with better tasting and yielding produce. Thus the small farmers were dependent on these same rich landowners for almost everything. They couldnt harvest their produce on their own so they sold it to the rich landowners and thus made very ! little money on their produce. The farmers found themselves in debt caused by the purchase of land, tools, animals and other items bought on credit. This credit was due to the bank and when the farmers found them- selves unable to repay the debts the bank took away everything they had their land, homes, animals and equipment. When the banks took over, they went in with tractors and destroyed everything on the farms which included their homes and barns. This is best portrayed in Steinbecks description of how the tractors destroyed everything in its way. The iron guard bit into the house corner, crumbled the wall, and wrenched the little house from its foundation, crushed like a bug (50). In the little houses the tenant people sifted their belongings and the belongings of their father and of their grandfathers (111). This describes how after many generations of farming on their land these people had to gather their property and memories and then try to sell whatever they could. The farmers were so desperate for money that they had to sell for literally pennies. Steinbeck describes the desperate conversation of a farmer to a persepective buyer Well, take it-all junk-and give me five dollars. Youre not buying only junk, youre buying junked lives (112). The desperation for work and money became so bad that they were willing to work for as little as was offered just so they could have some sort of job and make any amount of money. Soon it was a fight for life or death (Steinbeck). In a desperate search for a job farmers moved themselves and their families all over the country. As people wandered the country looking for work they were unable to live in one place. Large numbers of homeless people led to Hoovervilles. The farmers and their families had to build homes out of anything that they could acquire as Steinbeck describes The south wall was made of three sheets of rusy corrugated iron, the east a square of moldy carpet tacked between two board, the north wall a strip of roofing paper and a strip of tattered canvas, and the west wall six pieces of gunny sacking(310-311). The homes were usually near water source so they could have water to drink from, cook and wash their clothing (311). .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e , .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .postImageUrl , .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e , .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e:hover , .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e:visited , .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e:active { border:0!important; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e:active , .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f5197105868a1e12205843cac789c7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Moral Implications of The Pardoners Tale an Essay To cut down the number of people seeking jobs or needing help, the government decided to try to come up with some sort of relief. Among other things, they limited immigration, returned hundreds of Mexicans living here,and sought other methods to help the farmers. Hoovers Federal Farm Board urged farmers to plant less so that prices would go up but there was no encouragement to do so. From 1920 to 1932 farm production did drop 6 percent but prices fell ten times as much-by 63 percent. Farmers watched prices hit new lows-15 cents for corn, 5 cents for cotton and wool, hogs and sugar 3 cents, and beef 2.5 cents(Meltzer 123). With farm prices so low, most farmers, living under the fear of their mortgages, knew that sooner or later they will lose everything. In 1932 the farmers declared a holiday on selling. They picketed roads asking people to join the. They gave away free milk to the poor and unemployed rather then let it spoil because they refused to sell it. A thirty-d! ay holiday on farm selling was begun August 8 and extended indefinitely(Meltzer 125). In December 1932, 250 farmers from twenty-six states gathered together for a Farmers National Relief Conference. They announced that they demand relief from creditors who threaten to sweep them from their homes and land(Meltzer 126). In May 1933, the Agricultural Ajustment Act was passed. The aim of this act was to raise the farm prices by growing less. The farmers were paid not to use all the land to plant crops. The money came from tax on millers, meat packers, and other food industries. In June of that same year the Farm Credit Act was passed. This act helped farmers get low interest loans. With this act, farmers wouldnt lose their farms to the banks that held the mortgages. The farmers who lost their farms already would also receive low interest loans(Drewry and Oconnor 569). The Great Depression was the end result of World War I. It affected the rich and poor alike, factory workers and farmers, bankers and stockbrokers. In short, it affected everyone; no one was left untouched. But of all the people hurt, farmers were the worst off. John Steinbeck chose to write about farmers hoping that Americans would recognize their plight and correct the situation. The Great Depression is known to be the worst economic disaster in U. S. history. For this reason, the Depression caused many people to change their ideas about the government and economy. Work Cited Drewry, Robert and A. J. OConnor. The Indigenous Role in Business Enterprise. New Guinea: New Guinea Reasearch Unit, 1970. Leonard, Stephen J. Trials and Triumphs: A Colorado Portrait of the Great Depression, With FSA Photographs. Colorado: University Pres of Colorado, 1993. Meltzer, Allen. The Economics of price and wage controls. New York: USA American Elsevier Pub. Co., 1976. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin, 1986